KAUSHAL DESAI
MA Semester:4
Department of English
Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University
1) Define the term communication? Explain the
process of communication with the help of diagram.
Communication means Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode)information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. In general, communication is a means of connecting people or places. In business, it is a key function
of management--an organization cannot operate without communication between levels, departments and employees.
•
A
human relationship involving two or more persons who come together to share, to
dialogue and to commune.
•
Thus,
communication is not just an act or a process but also a social and cultural
togetherness.
•
According
to Denis Mcquail, “Communication
is a process which increases commonality – but also requires elements of
commonality for it to occur at all.”
•
A
common language for instance does bring people together but language alone does
not suffice for communication to take place. There are other factors too at
play such as a shared culture and a common interest which bring about a sense
of commonality and more significantly, a sense of community.
•
The
Sanskrit term, ‘Sadharanikaran’ comes closest to the term of ‘common’ or
‘commonness’ usually associated with communication.
The term "communication" stems from
the Latin word "communism" - meaning common. Thus, communication is a
conscious attempt to share information, ideas, attitudes, and the like with
others.
2)
Need
For Communication
•
A
human being’s need for communication is as strong as the need to eat, sleep and
love.
•
Communication
is as much a natural need as it is a social requirement in order to engage in
the sharing of experiences, through symbol mediated interaction.
•
It
requires active interaction with our physical, biological and social environments.
•
The
basic human need for communication can perhaps be traced to the process of
mankind’s evolution from lower species.
•
Excommunication
or lack of communication may lead to sensory deprivation, anxiety, depraved
judgement, strange visions.
• In today's world, there
is so much to know so quickly that the role of communicator has become very
important. The world is experiencing communication revolution and communication
explosion.
• Communication is
essential to all human associations. One's ability to influence others is
closely linked with his ability to communicate his ideas, for two people to
communicate effectively, common goals and a body of common knowledge and ideas
are must.
• Good communication does
not mean only giving orders but creating understanding. It aims at imparting
knowledge as well as helping people gain a clear view of the meaning of
knowledge.
• The study of
communication has revealed that the process is not only a vital but complicated
also. Good communication has the potential to contribute to overcoming the
problems like ignorance, poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy and to the
attainment of the goals of economic and social wellbeing.
• In modern times
communication has become very necessary for the existence of human beings. It
is a basic need for human beings as the need for food and shelter. It has
brought about a human civilization. There are numerous ways through which we
communicate such as spoken words, written words, gestures, pictures, paintings,
dance and so on.
Types
of communication
•
Intrapersonal
Communication
•
Interpersonal
Communication
•
Group
Communication
•
Mass
Communication
•
Mass-line
Communication
1) Intrapersonal communication
According to Wikipedia
Jurgen Ruesch and Gagory Bateson argue that intrapersonal communication is indeed a special
case of interpersonal communication, as "dialogue is the foundation
for all discourse."
Intrapersonal
communication can encompass:
·
Speaking aloud as in reading aloud, repeating
what one hears, the additional activities of speaking and hearing (in the third case of hearing again)
what one thinks, reads or hears. This
is considered normal although this does not exactly refer to intrapersonal
communication as reading aloud maybe a form of rhetorical exercise although
expected in the relevant young age.
2) Interpersonal communication
Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or
more people. It is also an area of study. Related skills are learned and can be
improved. During interpersonal communication there is message sending and message receiving. This can
be conducted using both direct and indirect methods. Successful interpersonal
communication is when the message senders and the message receivers understand
the message.
3) Group
communication
Group
communication refers to communication between 3 or more individuals. Small
group communication includes numbers from 3 to about 20 people, and large group
communication includes numbers larger than that (i.e., a lecture hall of 300
students or a theatrical production with an audience of 3,000).
4) Mass
communication
According to Wikipedia..
Mass communication is the study of how individuals and entities
relay information through mass
media to large segments of the population at the same time. It is usually
understood to relate to newspaper, magazine, and book publishing, as well as radio, television and film, as these mediums are used for
disseminating information, news and advertising. Mass communication differs from the
studies of other forms of communication, such as interpersonal communication or organizational communication, in that it focuses on a single source
transmitting information to a large group of receivers. The study of mass
communication is chiefly concerned with how the content of mass communication
persuades or otherwise affects the behavior, attitude, opinion, or emotion of the person or people receiving the
information.
What
are the basic functions of mass media?
Functions of Mass Media
•
To inform
•
To educate
•
To entertain
•
Transmission of heritage
•
Commercial
Trace
the growth and development of mass media.
Development of Mass Media
• Western Mass communication scholars have identified a
development progression cycle called as the EPS i.e.
Elite-Popular-Specialization.
•
This cycle holds that all media develop in three
stages.
•
Elite: media appeals to the affluent. Affluent
considered as the leaders of cultural and social trends.
• Popular: When the notions break through the barriers
of literacy and poverty, it enters the popular stage and reaches the mass
culture
•
Specialization:
Here there is ‘de-massification’ of the mass media due to information
explosion and advancement in the communication technology. Media is consumed by
highly fragmented segments of population each with his own interest and
cultural activities. Eg. Cartoon Channels, Sports channel, News, Films
